| I. |
Cholesterol
Generally
considered "harmful" or atherogenic
A. 23% of all
students had cholesterol > 200 mg %
B. 26% had HDL < 40 mg % |
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HDL
Fraction
generally
considered the "protective" form of
cholesterol.
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| II. |
Glucose
22% had levels >
110 mg %
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| III. |
Blood
Pressure
A. 40% had
elevations of systolic blood pressure
>135 mm Hg
B. 4% had elevations of diastolic blood
pressure >85 mm Hg
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| IV. |
Resting
Pulse (Heart Rate)
A. 25% had a
resting pulse of <60 beats per minute.
B. 6% had a resting pulse of >90
beats per minute
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| V. |
Body
Mass Index (BMI) and % body fat
57% had a BMI of
>27
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| VI. |
Cardiovascular
Questionnaire (15 Questions)
34% had one or more
abnormal responses
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| VII. |
Echocardiography
A. There were
six (6) students with thickened heart muscle
> 14mm
B. There is one (1) student with prolapse of
mitral valve
C. There were six (6) with heart valve
leakage: (excluding
trivial regurgitation)
3 including the mitral
valve
1 including the mitral
and tricuspid
1 including the aortic
and mitral
D. There were fifty (50) with left
ventricular size >54 mm's.
There were eight (8) with
LV size >60 mm.
E. Additional ECHO findings:
a. Two (2) with
bicuspid aortic valve and mild aortic
regurgitation (leakage)
b. One (1) with
atrial septal defects
c. Three (3) with
patent foramen ovale (small hole inside
heart)
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| VIII. |
Excluding
abnormal responses for the cardiovascular history
Over one-half of
these college students had one or more abnormalities detected by the LHF screening
process.
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| IX. |
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
(Columbia Football)
A. Two (2)
students had atrial fibrillation
B. Two (2) students had heart rates <.50
C. Fourteen (14) students had bundle branch
conduction
abnormalities
D. One (1) student had probable AV
dissociation
E. One (1) student had left axis deviation
F. One (1) student had findings consistent
with
myocardial ischemia or
pericaritis.
G. Five (5) students with tracings
consistent with old
myocardial damage. |
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SCREENING
RESULTS
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| Cardiovascular
Questionnaire Abnormal Response |
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34% |
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| Body
Mass Index >27 |
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57% |
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| Resting
Pulse >90 bpm |
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6% |
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| Resting
Pulse <60 bpm |
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25% |
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Diastolic
Blood Pressure
>85 mm Hg |
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4% |
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Systolic
Blood Pressure
>135 mm Hg |
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40% |
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| Glucose
Level >110 mg |
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22% |
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| HDL
Cholesterol <40 mg |
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26% |
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| Cholesterol
>200 mg |
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23% |
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HEART
VALVE regurgitation |
TRIVIAL
-
MILD |
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Heart
Valve Leakage |
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6 |
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MILD
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MODERATE |
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Aortic
& Mitral Valve Leakage |
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1 |
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Mitral
& Tricuspid Valve Leakage |
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1 |
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| MILD |
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Mitral
Valve Leakage |
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3 |
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other echocardiographic findings
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Left
Ventricular Size
>54mm |
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50 |
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Left
Ventricular Size
>60mm |
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8 |
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Thickened
Heart Muscle
>14mm |
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6 |
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| Mitral
Valve Prolapse |
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1 |
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| Patent
Foramen Ovale |
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3 |
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| Small
Atrial Septal Defects |
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1 |
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| Bicuspid
Aortic Valve and Mild Aortic Regurgitation |
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2 |
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